Device for the transformation of electric currents



Jan. 10, 1933. Y .J. DIEUX 1,394,029

DEVICE FOR THE TRANSFORMATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENTS Filed Dec. 51, l928 3 Sheets-Sheet l W Ail J. DIEUX Jan. 10, 1933.

DEVICE FOR THE TRANSFORMATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENTS 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Dec. 31, .1928

Jan. 10, 1933. .1. DlEUX 1,394,029

DEVICE FOR THE TRANSFORMATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENTS Filed Dec. 31, 1928 5 Sheets-Sheet a Patented Jan. 10, 1933 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFIC JEAN IDIEUX, OF PARIS, FRANCE Application filed December 31, 1828, Serial No. 329,588, and in France January 7, 1928.

Electric current valve amplifiers, especial- 1y for vibrated modulated currents, usually make use of triode vacuum tubes.

Since the appearance of the multi-grid 5 valve, some connections or circuits have made use of them (chiefly the bi-grid connection styled frequency changer and also some amplifier connections) with a view t o decreasing the anodic voltage, the auxlliary grids being brought to substantially the same potential as the anode, a weaker potential than that required for normally operating a triode vacuum tube. In these circumstances the action of the auxiliary grid is therefore either different from that of the chief grid (case of frequency changer) or auxiliary to the anode (case of decreased anodic voltage). The present invention, intentionally leav ing aside the question of decreased anodic voltage, as also the bi-grid connection styled frequency changer, has for its object, in utilizing the multi-grid valve with normal anodic voltage, to make the chief grid benefit from the action of the auxiliary grids working in the same grid circuit, thus providing a more pliant connection and greater fidelity in amplification, as also greater precision in the transmission of sounds combined with considerable facility for the control of their volume.

The object of the invention also comprises facilitating the transformation of the electric currents, chiefly by way of analysis and syn thesis, the said transformation having the advantageof bringing the current into particularly favourable conditions for the passage or employment of certain mediums of transmission (elimination of parasites in wireless 4O telegraphy: secrecy of communication; preservation of sounds, etc.). v

The aforesaid objects are assured by the processes and devices the characteristic features of which are described in the following 5 specification and particularly pointed out in the appended claims, accompanying this specification.

Installations, according to the invention are shown by way of example in the accompanying drawings; wherein Fig. 1 is a general view of an arrangement embodying the invention.

Figs. 2 and 3 show diagrammatically two arrangements of valve connections which can be used in this plant.

Figs. 4, 5 and 6 are diagrams showing the arrangements of several anodes for the valves inserted in the aforesaid plants.

Fig. 7 is a view of a special form for the current distributor with multiple anode tube. 69

Fig. 8 is the diagram of a multiple teletransmission and secret plant.

Fig. 9 is the diagram of a device for recording or for phonographically synthetically reproducing. (The two plants of Figs. 8 and 9 correspond to two special applications of the general plant in Fig. 1.)

The plant of Fig. 1 is intended to separate a primitive current at B into two mediums of transmission M M mediate or immediate.

The device for a multiple anode valve V is combined with a current distributor D (the valve comprising for example two anodes P P a grid G and a filament F), the distributor D having to differentiate the currents of P and P and make the analysis of the primitive current. This current distributor D permits distribution of the elements of this current between the mediums M M The multiple-grid valve V makes it possible to effect the synthesis of the elementary currents coming from M and M and present them in a single current to a receiving set R, inscriber, recorder or terminal amplifier.

The circuit M feeds the primary of a transformerT, the secondary of which has a tapping point pm connected with the circuit- BT of the multiple grid valve V '(a. 9 switch Zm, allowing selection of the favourable terminal). The ends of the secondary are in connection with the grids G G of the said valve. A potentiometer can be branched on the grids G G the tapping point pm, being then replaced by a switch kn analogous to lm I The circuit M is connected with the grids G and G of the multiple-grid valve V and between these grids a potentiometer Pt is inm serted, the switcharm Km of which makes it possible to vary the total ohmic value, viz. the resistance inserted between the grids G and G. On the other hand another switch arm Zm gives a variable intake with the circuit BT of the valve V in the circumstances indicated for the median point of the transformer T (this regulatable device controls the impulsion transmitted to the valve).

Numerous changes can be made in the aforesaid plant described merely as an example. In particular, it may be of interest only to utilize one medium of transmission, especially for the sake of economy, at the same time having several primitive currents. In this case, the valve V must then be placed at the head of the diagram, the medium of transmission is single, and then there is the valve V which effects, the analysis and restores the primitive currents.

In other words, if V precedes V (Fig. 1) there is an analysis followed by synthesis: in this case there are several mediums of transmission M M and a singie primitive current.

If V precedes V there is synthesis followed by analysis; in this case there is only one medium of transmission but several primitive currents.

Instead of providing valves with several grids, like valve V two ordinary valves 2 can be combined with their anodes P and filaments F connected in parallel, whilst their grids G G are separate.

Likewise, instead of having a valve V with multiple anodes P P two ordinary valves can be utilized all the filaments F of which and the grids G are in parallel, whilst the anodes P, P are separated.

The valve V with two anodes P, P can be constructed as follows. The two anodes may be either concentric or eccentric. lVhen they are concentric, the connection is symmetrical, the two anodes P P being for example, either two parts of circle (Fig. l) or two planes symmetrical with the combined grid filament (Fig. 5), or wound spirally on the same cylinder thus forming two alternate threads of a screw (Fig. 6).

Instead of a single HT with a distributor D, several different sources HT without a distributor can be adopted. For example, Fig. 9 represents an embodiment of the invention in which the anode P is fed at 1 by the positive pole of a continuous current of 80 volts, Whilst the anode P is fed by alternating current at 110 volts, 50 periods. These devices apply to several phases of a same source.

In the case of utilization of multiple grid valves, not only do the aforesaid devices -enable synchronous amplification to be obtained, viz. co-existence in the same amplifier of currents remaining distinct in their primitive nature or period without modification, so that we may say, for example, that in the case of two currents A and B, the single current of which either the nature or the period or the nature and the period can be different from those of the primitive currents.

This synthesis can be made, either (A) by superposition, or addition C=(A+B) or: (B) by neutralization 0r subtraction, one of the two currents neutralizing part of the effects of the other: C (AB); or e (C) by the alternative combination of these two methods, this combination giving rise to knots and bulges, or pulsation phenomena, viz. a synthesis by interference.

C (resultant of the nndulatory or sin usoidal components A and B).

It is to be noted that this method, although electric, is more closely allied with the acoustic theory of knots and bulges, than with the heterodyne, super heterodyne or the like such as changes of frequency used in radio, because the means forming the object of the invention do not need detection nor predetection andare entirely self-sufiicient, viz. the

new single current coming from synthesis is definitive in its nature or period apart from the question of amplification. On the contrary, in the heterodyne methods utilized in radio, the current produced by the interfer- 1 ences is not definitive in its nature; it must.

be transformed by way of detection, before amplification, with low frequency. 7

On the other hand, the aforesaid device for synthesis can enable transmission to a dis- 7 tance of the electric energy without tangible means for transmission viz. by Hertzian waves. The great obstacle to the solution of the problem has hitherto been the feeble energetic capacity of these immaterial support-s which are very quickly saturated, the devices for synthesis permitting by connecting several of these mediums in parallel, an increase to be made in the energy thus synthetically collected. The devices for synthesis claimed are interesting not only in the case of several sources of current but also in the case of a single source of current to be transmitted or made particularly sure and antiparasitic or secret, or more faithful (transmission of spoken words or music).

This single source must then be decom osed into two or more analytical parts or di erentiated phases, which act in synthesis like two or more difierent or various sources.

This analysis or differentiation presup poses the employment, before synthesis, of as many direct or indirect mediums of transmlssion, mediate or lmmediate, as there have been made analytical parts or different or differentiated phases in the primitive current and this by the use of valves with several anodes or any other means.

These mediums of transmission may be tangible, such, for example, as electric cables,

gramophone disks, etc, or non-tangible means, such as Hertzian waves, luminous vibrations, etc.

This being stated, the analysis can be made in two different ways.

(A) by dissociation of the current in the time by means of analytical parts or successive phases, borrowing turn by turn, the provided mediums of transmission, without simultaneous existence in each medium.

(B)by differentiated co-existence in all the mediums simultaneously, each medium serving as a support for the provided analytical part or phase of acceleration, either positive or negative, compared with the primitive current in considering the combination of these analytical parts these accelerations being either positive or negative should be such that the analytical parts of phases present themselves for synthesis so that, at each instant, their sum or difference or their interferences will reconstitute the primitive current.

The invention not only includes the aforesaid processes but also their various applications and various plants to work the process. Two plants were described in the foregoing lines, as examples, the said synthesis and analysis as in the invention. One of these examples utilizes immediate means of transmission and the other mediate.

1st. Emam-ple.ln this example the multiple grid valve or its substitute works as an amplifier and as a contact maker without in- 1 ertia.

- aforesaid, especially those of 1; two telereceivers R R a synchronizer formed by two electric motors M77 (before transmission) andMt (after transmission) provlded with rotary commutators comprising as many (lb rections as there are mediums of transmis sion. This plant Fig. 8 works as follows: T and T transmit; the motor M29, with its rotary commutator separates the transmission T into two phases, the first of these phases being directed on to L and the second on to L The same operation (displaced in the time of duration of a phase of T occurs for T Thus L is successively occupied by a phase of T and a phase of T and in the same length of time L acts as a support for a phase of T and a phase of T At the reception the same operations are reproduced in the opposite direction. The second motor M75 synchronous with the first M26 simultaneously directs a phase of L onto A and R and a phase of L on to A and R then a phase of L on A and R and at the same time a. phase of L on A and R Owing to synchronism of the motors M M, the transmission of T is reconstituted in A and R and that of T in A and R It is certain this process ooes not delay exploitation, because L and L are fully occupied according to the possibilities of transmission of T and T. It is also certain that secrecy is assured since no one can tap the transmissions unless he is provided with the following elements; ashunt on L and another on L a motor device similar to that of M, two amplifiers like A and A and two receivers similar to R and R Moreover, he must have a knowledge of the speed V of the motor M to regulate synchronism of his motor, such regulation being further complicated by the fact that the soeed may continually vary according to previous agreement or conversational indication at the time of the transmission.

2nd. Exemplar-In this example the multiple grid valve or its substitute acts as a synthetizing or amplifying appliance.

In this example the plant gives multiple recording and synthetic reproduction for gramophones. The example is simplified for a duplex record.

This plant Fig. 9 comprises the usual apparatus for recording disks or phono-films provided that there are: two synchronous needles S S each governing one or two me diums of transmission; two mediums of transmission formed as follows: two phonofilm or disks D and D the supports of which P P (plates or reels) rot-ate at differentiated rates of speed, one positively V and the other negatively V compared with the op imum speed T for recording (a very simple form of construction makes it possible to keep the ratio between V and V constant so that V +V =2V) a motor with constant speed M works the two supports P, P through the agency of toothed gears E and E calculated so that their ratio will be the same as that of V to V. Eventually to produce synthesis by interference the toothed gear can he made such that when the ratio of V to V is constant V and V taken individually will not be constant; two electric disk or phonofilm reproducers L and L an amplifier the first stage of which comprises the suitable number of grids, according to the invention; a loud speaker.

This plant works as follows:

For recording, the motor M is started, also the recording appliances; this is accomplished on each of the two disks or phonofilms rotating at different speeds; practically each disk or phonofilm taken separately is inaudible.

In reproduction the electric reproducers or pick ups connected with the amplifier are laid on the disks or phonofilms placed respectively as they were, for recording; the motor M is started at recording speed.

Audition is obtained with a loud speaker with greater precision in the timbres and without parasitic noises, such as the surface noises like those of the needle met with in ordinary disks or phonofilms. In fact the period of these noises is different according to D .or D the speed of which is not the same; synthesis, then, does not restore these noises but only modulated elements of recording, viz. the original timbres of the spoken word or music.

In all the preceding, analysis has figured before transmission and synthesis but we can understand the terms being reversed with synthesis preceding transmission, the latter being followed by analysis.

What I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent is 1. In a device for the transformation of vibrated electric currents, a circuit carrying a vibrated primitive current to be transformed, a multiple anode valve, the grid and the filament of this valve being connected to the terminals of the circuit carrying the primitive current to be transformed, a multiple grid valve, distinct transmission conducting means separately connecting each anode of said multiple anode valve with a corresponding grid of said multiple grid valve, a distributor connected with said anodes to differentiate the anode currents and to thus cause the primitive current to be analyzed.

2. In a device for the transformation of vibrated electric currents, a circuit carrying a vibrated primitive current to be transformed, a multiple anode valve, the grid and the fila- ,ment of this valve being connected with the terminals of the circuit carrying the primitive current to be transformed, a multiple grid valve, one of the grids of this valve being connected with one of the terminals of the filament of said multiple grid valve, distinct transmission conducting means separately connecting each anode of said multiple anode valve with a corresponding grid of said multiple grid valve, and a distributor connected with said anodes to difierentiate the anodic currents and to thus cause the primitive current to be analyzed.

3. In a device for ,the transformation of vibrated electric currents, a circuit carrying a vibrated primitive current to be transformed, a multiple anode valve, the grid and the filament of said valve being connected with the terminals of the circuit carrying the primitive current to be transformed; a multiple grid valve, one of the grids of this valve being connected with one of the terminals of the filaments of said multiple grid valve, an electric connection of suitable ohmic value interposed between the grids of said multiple grid valve, a movable point of said electric connection being secured to one of the terminals of the filament of said multiple grid valve, distinct transmission conducting means separately connecting each anode of said multiple anode valve with a corresponding grid of said multiple grid valve, and a distributor connected with said anodes to differentiate the anodic currents and to thus cause the primitive current to be analyzed.

4. In a device for the transformation of vibrated electric currents, a circuit carrying a vibrated primitive current to be transformed, a multiple anode valve, the grid and the filament of said valve being connected with the terminals of the circuit carrying the primitive current to be transformed, a multiple grid valve, one of the grids of this valve being connected with one of the terminals of the filament of said multiple grid valve, an electric connection of suitable ohmic value interposed between the grids of said multiple grid valve, a movable point of said electric connection being secured to one of the terminals of the filament of said multiple grid valve, means permitting the ohmic value of said electric connection to be varied, distinct transmission conducting means separately connecting each anode of said multiple anode Valve with a corresponding grid of said multiple grid valve, and a distributor connected with said anodes to differentiate the anodic currents and to thus cause the primitive current to be analyzed.

In a device for the transformation of vibrated electric currents, a circuit carrying a vibrated primitive current to be transformed, a multiple anode valve, the grid and the filament of said valve being connected with the terminals of the circuit carrying the primitive current to be transformed,a plurality of single grid valves, the anode and filament being mounted in parallel, while the grids remain separated, the whole of said valves thus constituting a multiple grid valve, distinct transmission conducting means separately connecting each anode of said multiple anode valve with a corresponding grid of said multiple grid valve, and a distributor connected with said anodes to differentiate the anodic currents and to thus cause the primitive current to be analyzed.

6. In a device for the transformation of vibrated electric currents, a circuit carrying a vibrated primitive current to be transformed, a multiple anode valve, the grid and the filament of said valve being connected to the terminals of the circuits carrying the primitive current to be transformed, a multiple grid valve, a transformer, the primary of which is connected with said multiple anode valve, its secondary being connected with the grids of said multiple grid valve, distinct transmission conducting means separately connecting each anode of said multiple anode valve with a correspond ing grid of said multiple grid valve, and a distributor connected to said anodes to differentiate the anodic currents and to thus cause the primitive current to be analyzed.

7. In a device for the transformation of vibrated electric currents, a circuit carrying a vibrated primitive current to be transformed, a multiple anode valve, the grid and the filament of this lamp being connected with the terminals of the circuit carrying the primitive current to be transformed, a multiple grid valve, a transformer the primary of which is connected with said multiple anode valve, its secondary being connected with the grids of said multiple grid valve, a median point, variable if desired, of the secondary of said transformer being connected with one of the terminals of the filament of said multiple grid valve, distinct transmission conducting means separately connecting each anode of said multiple anode valve with a corresponding grid of said multiple grid valve, and a distributor connected to said anodes to differentiate the anodic currents and to thus cause the primitive current to be analyzed.

8. In a device for the transformation of vibrated electric currents, a circuit carrying a vibrated primitive current to be transformed, a multiple anode valve, the grid and the filament of said valve being connected with the terminals of the circuit carrying the primitive current to be transformed, a multiple grid valve, a transformer, the primary of which is connected with said multiple anode valve, its secondary being connected with the grids of said multiple grid valve, a median point, variable if desired, of the secondary of said transformer being connected with one of the terminals of the filament of said multiple grid valve, said median point being also connected with the secondary of said transformer, distinct transmission conducting means separately connecting each anode of said multiple anode value with a corresponding grid of said multiple grid valve, and a distributor connected with said anodes to differentiate the anodic currents and to thus cause the primitive current to be analyzed.

9. In a device for the transformation of vibrated electric currents, a circuit carrying a vibrated primitive current to be transformed, a plurality of single anode valves, the grids of said valves being mounted in parallel the same as the filaments, while the anodes are separated, the whole of said valves thus constituting a multiple anode valve, the grid and the filament of this valve being connected with the terminals of the circuit carrying the primitive current to be transformed, a multiple grid valve, one of the grids being connected with one of the terminals of the filament of said multiple grid valve, distinct transmission conducting means separately connecting each anode of said multiple anode valve with a corresponding grid of said multiple grid valve, and a distributor connected with said anodes to differentiate the anodic currents and to thus cause the primitive current to be analyzed.

10. In a device for the transformation of vibrated electric currents, a circuit carrying a vibrated primitive current to be transformed, a multiple anode valve, the grid and the filament of said valve being connected to the terminals of the circuit carrying the primitive current to be transformed, the anodes of said valve being constituted by two metal bands wound in the manner of two h lices of the same radius and intersecting each other without having any points of contact, a multiple grid valve, distinct transmission conducting means separately connecting each anode of said multiple anode valve with a corresponding grid of said multiple grid valve, and a distributor con nected with said anodes to differentiate the anodic currents to thus cause the primitive current to be analyzed.

In testimony whereof I have signed this specification.

JEAN DIEUX. 

